The 6G4Society project aims to integrate societal, environmental, and economic values into the development of 6G technology, ensuring that advancements in connectivity align with ethical standards and sustainability principles.
Debates on sustainability, digital rights, and responsible innovation show that being technically viable is no longer enough. What matters is not just whether technologies are adopted but also their acceptability and trustworthiness, their alignment with ethical expectations, their contribution to sustainability, and their reflection of shared social values. As the development of 6G technology progresses, these questions are central to its legitimacy. The 6G4Society project explores how 6G can integrate societal, environmental, and economic dimensions into innovation itself.
Europe’s 6G vision links technology with sustainability, policy, and ethics. The Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking (SNS JU) provides the research and innovation framework, supporting projects such as 6G4Society, which explores how 6G technology can align with European values of inclusivity, trust, and sustainability.
This broad policy landscape reflects a growing European consensus: 6G must be not only faster or more efficient, but also a catalyst for environmental, social, and economic sustainability.¹ The 6G4Society project, alongside other SNS initiatives, drives the shift by developing sustainability-oriented business models and measurable indicators linking technological progress to real-world benefits and to sustainability. These models include concepts such as Sustainability-as-a-Platform, circular resource marketplaces, and impact-driven partnerships, all designed to move from volume-based metrics toward value-based outcomes.¹
Sustainability at the heart of European connectivity
6G4Society was created to ensure that societal and environmental values are not afterthoughts but the foundation of technological progress. Through collaboration between social scientists, engineers, citizens, and policymakers, the project seeks to develop practical tools and frameworks that make social acceptability and sustainability measurable, actionable, and indispensable to Europe’s digital future.
Europe must rely on more holistic levers: frameworks, public engagement, value-based indicators, cross-project synergies, and policy integration. Below, we develop on each of those levers.
Frameworks, not just specs
The Acceptance Models of 6G Technology framework,² developed by 6G4Society, introduces a structured way to assess how new technologies resonate with ethical norms, cultural contexts, and public trust. Instead of focusing only on KPIs such as throughput or energy efficiency, this framework brings in qualitative and quantitative dimensions – citizen attitudes, inclusivity, and perceived fairness.
Embedding such frameworks in research projects allows societal impacts to be assessed alongside technical outcomes. This reflects a broader shift within the SNS JU: from designing networks for performance to designing networks for people.
Early public engagement
6G4Society places public engagement at the centre of its mission through activities such as the Citizen Survey, which gathers perspectives from across Europe on expectations, fears, and hopes surrounding the next generation of networks.
The project explores participatory mechanisms such as workshops, focus groups, and living-lab pilots. These are integral parts of policymaking and innovation governance.³ Engaging citizens early enables developers and policymakers to detect emerging concerns before they escalate into resistance.
The Citizen Survey, conducted in nine languages and gathering over 1,800 responses, combined quantitative and qualitative questions designed to avoid bias and encourage reflection on lived experience.
The findings highlight a spectrum of public attitudes, from curiosity and optimism to scepticism and fatigue. Many respondents recognised the potential of 6G to enhance daily life through improved access to information and connectivity with loved ones. However, these expectations were accompanied by concerns that the rapid pace of technological change could outstrip societal needs.
Across age groups, environmental responsibility emerged as a unifying priority. Younger participants were particularly aware of both societal and environmental implications, often linking connectivity to issues such as energy use and material consumption. Respect for the ecosystem and biodiversity ranked among the top priorities across generations, followed by climate change. Participants also emphasised fair and inclusive access to connectivity, associating digital equity with broader ideas of solidarity and social cohesion.
These insights confirm that citizens expect 6G technology to be designed with purpose, transparency, and responsibility. The results provide an important reference point for the Social Acceptance Model that 6G4Society is developing, ensuring that the next generation of connectivity is guided by public values and designed for human and planetary wellbeing.
Key value and sustainability indicators
A sustainable 6G ecosystem requires new metrics. Traditional KPIs tell us how networks perform, but not whether they advance sustainability or equity.⁴ To close this gap, 6G4Society promotes the concept of Key Value Indicators (KVIs) and Key Sustainability Indicators (KSIs).
These indicators measure dimensions such as energy use and emissions, material circularity, resilience, fairness, inclusiveness, and trust.
Developing KVIs and KSIs also enables comparison across projects and policy domains, helping the EU evaluate whether public investment truly delivers on its Green Deal and Digital Decade objectives. Within the SNS JU ecosystem, 6G4Society collaborates with other initiatives to harmonise definitions and methodologies, ensuring that sustainability metrics are interoperable and credible.⁵
Cross-project synergies
6G4Society works to create synergies across the diverse landscape of European research and innovation. Collaboration with other SNS JU projects ensures that social acceptability and sustainability are mainstreamed rather than isolated topics.⁴
This co-operation extends beyond the SNS JU community.³ 6G4Society liaises with European and international initiatives on standardisation, regulation, and digital inclusion to align objectives and share lessons learned. Through workshops and joint publications, it contributes to building a common language between engineers, policymakers, and social scientists.⁶
Policy integration
Lasting impact requires that insights from research flow into policy and regulation. 6G4Society contributes by mapping how societal values intersect with existing and emerging legislative frameworks. By analysing these intersections, the project identifies where policy levers can reinforce sustainability and acceptance.⁷
The goal is clear: to ensure that incentives and regulatory mechanisms reward positive impact. Policy integration means aligning research outcomes with the European Green Deal, the Digital Decade targets, and the ethical principles embedded in EU law. It also means ensuring that sustainability and equity become non-negotiable conditions for funding, deployment, and standardisation.
Through position papers, workshops, and direct dialogue with policymakers, 6G4Society translates academic insight into actionable guidance.⁸
Conclusion: Toward a value-driven 6G future
6G4Society’s work illustrates how Europe can move from ambition to implementation in embedding societal and environmental values into technological systems. A 6G network built on sustainability and equity is more than a technical achievement; it is a democratic and cultural one. It signals that Europe’s technological future will be measured by the depth of trust, inclusion, and shared benefit it delivers.
References
- Calisti, M., Aseeva, A., & Onwude, D. (2025). 6G Sustainability: Prospective Business Models. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3748699.3749820
- 6G4Society project: D1.1- SOCIETAL ASPECTS IN 6G TECHNOLOGY: CONCERNS, ACCEPTANCE MODELS AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS
- D2.1 PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY AND PLAN
- Rezaki, A., Trichias, K., Mesodiakaki, A., Gavras, A., Aseeva, A., Berardinelli, G., Osman, H., Gutiérrez Terán, J., Petersen, K., Gramaglia, M., Katz, M., Bezzi, M., & Ghoraishi, M. (Eds.). (2025). Sustainability in SNS JU Projects – Targets, Methodologies, Trade-offs and Implementation Considerations Towards 6G Systems.
- Petersen, K., Bezzi, M., Gavras, A., Calisti, M., & Mohnani, P. (2025). Value Approach of 6G: The Role of Key Value Indicators in Design and Societal Impact.
- 6G4Society project: D3.1 – Report on Liaison Activities
- 6G4Society project: D1.2 – Towards a socially accepted and sustainably 6G-Policy Brief
- 6G4Society project: D4.1 – Dissemination and Communication Strategy and Plan
Please note, this article will also appear in the 24th edition of our quarterly publication.
