The UK Government has launched its first comprehensive PFAS plan, setting out a nationwide strategy to better protect public health and the environment from so-called “forever chemicals”.
The plan marks a significant step toward addressing the long-term risks posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are highly persistent and can remain in the environment for centuries.
PFAS have become one of the most complex environmental challenges facing modern governments. These chemicals have been used extensively for decades because of their heat resistance, durability, and water-repellent properties, making them valuable in manufacturing, consumer products, and low-carbon technologies.
While PFAS have supported economic growth and innovation, growing scientific evidence has linked their widespread use to potential harm to ecosystems and human health.
UK Environment Minister Emma Hardy said: “The persistent nature of forever chemicals means they pose a long-term challenge for not only our health, but that of the nation’s vital ecosystems.
“It’s crucial that we protect both public health and the environment for future generations. Through our PFAS plan, we will act decisively to reduce their harmful effects while transitioning to safer alternatives.
“We will work in partnership with regulators, industry, and local communities to deliver coordinated action to ensure forever chemicals are not a forever problem.”
A coordinated national framework
At the heart of the PFAS plan is a new coordinated framework designed to bring together government departments, regulators, and industry.
For the first time, the UK will take a joined-up approach to identifying where PFAS originate, how they move through the environment, and what can be done to reduce exposure over time.
Ministers say the plan is rooted in science and aims to balance environmental protection with proportionate regulation.
The strategy focuses on building a stronger evidence base, improving monitoring, and supporting regulators with clearer guidance. By doing so, the government hopes to close gaps in understanding and ensure that robust data inform future policy decisions.
Safeguarding drinking water supplies
Protecting drinking water is a central pillar of the PFAS plan. The UK currently boasts some of the highest-quality drinking water in the world, and authorities say there is no evidence that PFAS levels in public supplies in England and Wales exceed permitted levels.
However, the government has confirmed that a consultation will be launched later this year on introducing a statutory limit for PFAS in England’s water supply regulations.
If adopted, such limits would strengthen enforcement powers and ensure regulators can act swiftly should water companies fail to meet safety standards. Officials say this proactive approach is designed to prevent future risks rather than respond after harm has occurred.
New monitoring of rivers, estuaries, and coastlines
For the first time, the full scale of PFAS contamination in England’s estuaries and coastal waters will be assessed. The PFAS plan commits to expanded testing programmes that will examine water, sediment and aquatic life, including invertebrates.
This enhanced monitoring is intended to give regulators a clearer understanding of how PFAS affect sensitive marine habitats and inform any future regulatory action.
In parallel, monitoring of PFAS in soils will also be strengthened, with new sampling initiatives supported by the British Geological Survey across multiple locations in England.
Rethinking everyday products
The plan also looks beyond industrial pollution to everyday consumer items. Products such as food packaging, period products, and water-repellent clothing have been identified as potential sources of PFAS emissions.
Testing will be carried out on items, including pizza boxes and microwave popcorn bags, to trace PFAS content and guide future restrictions.
The government has signalled its intention to work with businesses to develop safer, affordable alternatives. By encouraging innovation in production methods, the PFAS plan aims to reduce emissions at source while maintaining consumer choice.
Collaboration and long-term action
Delivering the PFAS plan will rely heavily on collaboration between government, regulators, and industry.
New guidance will be developed to address historic PFAS pollution on contaminated land, while industrial operators will receive clearer expectations around handling, monitoring, and disposal of these chemicals. Work is also continuing on potential restrictions for PFAS use in firefighting foams.
Ministers say the plan represents a long-term commitment rather than a one-off intervention. By combining transparency, scientific evidence, and partnership, the government aims to minimise the risks posed by PFAS and protect both people and the environment for generations to come.
