The European Space Agency (ESA) has backed Astroscale UK to spearhead a cutting-edge project that could redefine how satellites are maintained in orbit.
Under a £350,000 Phase A contract, Astroscale will lead the design of the In-Orbit Refurbishment and Upgrading Service (IRUS), a mission concept aimed at extending satellite lifespans, enabling repairs, and integrating upgrades without returning them to Earth.
The initiative highlights Europe’s growing focus on space sustainability, the reduction of orbital debris risks, and sets the stage for the next generation of in-orbit servicing technologies.
Commenting on the funding, Nick Shave, Managing Director of Astroscale UK, said: “Astroscale is very pleased to have been selected by ESA for the IRUS Phase A project, a bold and exciting step towards a true circular space economy.
“By exploring how satellites can be upgraded and enhanced in orbit, we are helping to shape a sustainable future for space – one that delivers long-term value for operators, governments, and society in general.
“This study is an important milestone for Astroscale, our industrial partners, and for the UK’s growing strength in in-orbit servicing and dual-use technologies that will support both civil and defence space activities.”
Paving the way for satellite refurbishment
The IRUS mission concept aims to transform how satellites are maintained in orbit. Rather than treating satellites as disposable assets, IRUS will enable upgrades, repairs, and life-extension interventions while satellites remain in space.
By refurbishing batteries, solar panels, and on-board computers, IRUS has the potential to reduce the need for replacement launches, lower costs, and minimise space debris – addressing a critical priority for ESA’s Space Safety Programme.
The eight-month Phase A study will focus on both technical feasibility and commercial viability. Engineers and analysts will explore how robotic and servicing technologies can safely interact with satellites already in orbit, forming the foundation for more complex In-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing (ISAM) operations in the future.
Speaking on the study, Ross Findlay, Head of Sustainable Engineering Section at ESA, added: “ESA’s mission to demonstrate in-orbit refurbishment is a key step toward a circular economy in space, aiming to enable sustainable orbital operations, to reduce space debris, and to extend satellite lifetimes.
“It supports ESA’s 2040 strategy and positions European industry as leaders in sustainable orbital operations. This first demonstration lays the groundwork for future ISAM missions and ESA’s goal of becoming space-debris neutral by 2040.”
Collaboration with industry leaders
Astroscale UK will be working closely with BAE Systems, which will act as a future in-orbit servicing client.
The study will demonstrate upgrades on a BAE Systems modular satellite platform, showcasing the potential for modular refurbishment and enhancement.
This collaboration reflects a shift toward a circular space economy, where satellites are repaired and upgraded rather than replaced, and where Earth-based technological innovations can be applied to active spacecraft.
By combining Astroscale’s experience in Rendezvous and Proximity Operations (RPO) with BAE Systems’ expertise in satellite design, IRUS sets the stage for a sustainable approach to orbital operations. It also strengthens Europe’s competitiveness in the rapidly growing market for in-orbit services.
Building UK leadership and capability
The IRUS project presents a strategic opportunity for the UK space sector. The study will leverage domestic expertise in robotics, modular satellite design, and servicing systems, alongside business analysis capabilities for a niche but high-value market.
By investing in these skills and technologies now, the UK is positioning itself to benefit from both commercial and government opportunities in future in-orbit servicing and space manufacturing.
The project also supports high-value employment and innovation, reinforcing the UK’s leadership in developing the next generation of ISAM capabilities.
Towards a sustainable space future
By enabling refurbishment and upgrades in orbit, IRUS represents a major milestone toward a sustainable, circular space economy.
Satellites can remain operational longer, operators can reduce launch costs, and space safety is improved by mitigating the creation of space debris.
As the world looks to expand operations in low-Earth orbit and beyond, the IRUS study lays critical groundwork for the future of space infrastructure, demonstrating the transformative potential of future in-orbit servicing technologies.
